Assessment of the Socioeconomic and Environmental Impact of Hurricane Ivan on Jamaica.

Hurricane Ivan was one of a series of very strong, extreme climatic events that hit the Caribbean Basin in 2004, affecting more than a dozen countries during this year's hurricane season. Such events have exposed the different degrees of readiness, response and resilience of countries and states in the Caribbean region, exemplifying how vulnerability in the face of recurrent hazards varies greatly in accordance with the level of their development. Resilience to these events and sustainability are linked firstly to specific environmental conditions as well as to organizational institutional and economic policies.

Countries and states affected by Atlantic tropical systems ranging from tropical storms and depressions to category five Hurricanes (Saffir-Simpson scale) include the US state of Florida, the island of Cozumel in Mexico, the islands of the Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Barbados, Grenada, Tobago and Hispaniola with disparate economic and social effects in Dominican Republic and in Haiti. The cluster of events in 2004 talks strongly to the link between development and risk and disaster management where appropriate response and management of emergency are positively illustrated (the case of Cuba), minor global impact on the national economy with relevant local and fund allocation consequences (Florida and the depletion of FEMA's budget), total impact of a major event on a small island development state (Grenada) and spillovers of localized damage to the total economy both at the national level (Jamaica and Dominican Republic) and regional level (the Caribbean as a whole where event though not all island nations and states and governments had a direct hit, the whole of the region is exposed to indirect and tertiary effects (in terms for example of insurance costs, reassessment of the risk for investment, flows of tourism, etc.)
Source: UNECLAC

Solid Waste Management